Electric-arc lamp



(No Model.)

H. J. SAGE.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

Patented Feb. 22, 1898.

i NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY J. SAGE, OF ROCHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA.

ELECTRlC- -ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 599,635, dated February 22, 1898. Application filed March 19, 1897. Serial No. 628,338. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY J. SAGE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rochester, in the county of Beaver and State of Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered a new and useful Improvement in Arc-Lamps, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this application, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of the complete lamp except the chimney for the positivecarbon rod, which is broken off immediately above the frame. Fig. 2 is a sectional detail view through the lower-carbon socket. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line III III of Fig. 1.

This invention relates to electric-arc lamps, the object being to produce a lamp which shall be simple in construction and adapted to incandescent circuits.

It is also the object of the invention to produce a simple method of prolonging the life of the carbons.

Referring to the drawings, A is part of the casing which protects the frame B, which forms the main support of the mechanism.

1) is the base of the frame, made circular in form. t

O is the electromagnet,the winding of which is in the series circuit of the lamp. The plunger c, with the cross-piece 0 forms the armature of the magnet. By means of the links a the clutch D is connected to the armature of the magnet. This clutch consists of two jaws a, pivoted to the levers a which grip the carbon-feed rod E. The levers (1, are pivoted to the guide a at 0. and the links a are pivoted to the levers a as indicated.

The carbon-feed rod E has its bearings in the frame B, passes through the guide a and.

jaws a of the clutch D, and at its lower end carries the positive-carbon holder F.

K is one of two dash-pots. K is the link, pivoted at its lower end to the cross-piecev c of the armature, and at the upper end of the link is attached the plunger of the dash-pot. The second dash-pot is behind the one shown in the drawings, and between the two the carhon-feed rod E passes.

H H are the side rods of the lamp, plugged at 011116 end to prevent the passage of air through t em.

inclosing globe G is just large enough to permit the upper carbon to slide freely through it. In practice I have found that for a carbon one-half inch in diameter an aperture nine-sixteenths of an inch in diameter will give good results.

M is the casing of the lamp, flanged at the I top, to which the pliable washer m is attached, and n n are clips through which the screws S are tapped for holding the outer globe S in position against the washer m m is a pliable washer firmly attached to the base b of the frame 13.

m is a pliable washer in the outer-globe holder T.

The seat of the arc-inclosing globe G in the lower-carbon holder F also contains a pliable washer g against which the screw-shell g firmly bears. The clips 01 are firmly attached to the casing M and have holes in them through which the side rods freely pass. On unscrewing the globe-holder T from the lowercarbon holder F the outer globe S, together with the casing M, may be lowered until the clips n strike the support H, and the casing M and globe S will rest suspended by the clips, thus giving ready access to the lamp for trimming. IVhen the globe S and casing M are raised and the globe-holder T screwed tightly into place, the joints between the globe S and holder T, the globe S and easing M, and the casing M and frame B, by reason of the pliable washers m m of, will be practically airtight, and consequently air will be excluded from the interior of the lamp.

The arc-inclosing globe being mechanically air-tight at the bottom and having only a small opening at the top there will be no circulation of air.

When the lamp is burning, the heat due to the arc will expand the gas in the arc-inclosing globe, and to equalize the pressure with the outer air the gases will escape through the small upper opening g in the arc-inclosing globe around the upper carbon. There will be little tendency for air from the outer chamber to enter the arc-inclosing globe, thereby prolonging the life of the carbons because of the exclusion of air from the arc.

I have found that with a twelve-inch upper carbon and a six-inch lower carbon half-inch in diameter the lamp will burn for one hundred and fifty hours or over.

The operation of the mechanism is as follows: The current enters the lamp at the positive binding post, passes through the windings of the magnet O, thence to the frame 13, and through the bearings to the rod E, through the upper and lower carbons, thence through wire up side rod to the negative binding-post. When the lamp is not in operation, the carbons touch each other, as indicated in the drawings. WVhen the current is turned on, it passes through the magnetspools, thus energizing the magnets, and these, as stated, through the frame, carbonfeed rod, and carbons, and finally out at the negative binding-post. The magnet being energized the plungers c, with cross-piece 0 are drawn up into the magnet-spools. This motion raises the links a, which draw the long arm of the levers a upward and the short arms together, forcing the jaws a inward, thereby causing such jaws to come in contact with the carbon-feed rod and clutch it. Any further upward movement of the armature of the magnet will lift the clutch, feedrod, and upper carbon, and thus an arc will be struck. As the armature further lifts the clutch and carbon rod the length of the arc will be increased, the resistance of the arc will increase, and therefore the current flowing in the magnet-spools and through the carbons will be diminished, which decrease of current will decrease the strength of the magnet. The strength of the magnet, by the upward movement of the armature with the clutch and carbon-rod, will be decreased to the point where the strength of the upward pull of the magnet will be balanced by the weight of the combined armature, clutch, feed-rod, &c. As the carbons further burn away, the arc will be increased and the strength of the magnets decreased. Consequently the armature, with clutch and feedrod', will drop, thus shortening the arc and thereby increasing the strength of the magnet. A new balance between the strength of the magnets and weight of the mechanism will be established, and this cycle will be repeated as the carbons burn away, the clutch constantly dropping lower and lower. Finally the guide a of the clutch will rest on its seat on the frame, as indicated in the drawings, and any further downward movement on the part of the armature will throw the levers a down and outward, the pressure of the jaws a on the carbon-feed rod E will be relieved, and the rod E will slip through the clutch,

thus shortening the are again. This action will increase the strength of the magnet, the armature will be raised, the clutch will grip the carbon-rod, and a new balance will be established. The above actions will be repeated until finally the carbon'holder F rests on the arcinclosing globe G. The carbons cannot further descend, and as they are consumed the arc will lengthen and finally break and the light will be extinguished.

Changes and modifications may be made in the construction and arrangement of the parts, and I do not wish to limit myself to the exact form and construction illustrated. A single solenoid-magnet with spool and armature concentric with the feed-rod may be employed with good results. The clutchjaws may be sufficiently wide, so as to grip a ribbon,chain, cord, or flexible carbon-support.

The arc-inclosing globe may be clamped to the lower-carbon holder instead of screwed, as shown, and, if desired, the outer globe may be of such a design as to bear directly against the pliable gasket m; also, the magnets may be differential or shunt instead of in series, as described.

What I claim is 1. The combination, in an arc-lamp, of a carbon-socket supported by rods from the base of the lamp provided with a threaded extension, a cushioned seat in the upper end of the socket surrounding the carbon and abulbous globe G supported in the seat extending above the arc and contracted closely around the upper carbon with a narrow annular intervening space g between the carbon and the inwardly-turned edge of the globe, substantially as set forth.

2. In combination with an arc-lamp provided with a carbon-socket supported by rods from the base of the lamp and a threaded lower extension; an inclosing casing below the base, a globe below the casing, a globeholder supporting the globe screwed upon the threaded extension, and packing-rings between the globe-holder and globe, between the globe and casing and between the casing and base, respectively, substantially as set forth.

3. In combination with an arc-lamp provided with a carbon-socket supported by rods from the base of the lamp and a threaded lower extension; an inclosing casing below the base provided with clips embracing the rods, a globe, and a globe -holder screwed upon the threaded extension, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, in an arc-lamp, of a carbon-socket supported by rods from the base of the lamp provided with a threaded extension and a cushioned seat in the upper end of the socket surrounding the carbon, a bulbous globe supported in the seat extending above the arc and contracted closely around the upper carbon, an inclosing casing below the base, a globe below the casing, a globeholder supporting the globe screwed upon mdtllsloll, andmlervenlng paching-rings, substantially as set forth.

5. In an arc-lamp, an arc-inclosing' globe surrounding the are provided With a base secured with an air-tight joint in the base of the lower-carbon holder and contracted at the top to an approximately close fit around the upper carbon, with a surrounding outer glass globe suspended from the case of the lamp,

the globe and the outer casing forming an air- 10 tight inclosure for the arc-inolosing globe, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 18th day of January, 1897.

HENRY J. SAGE.

lVitnesses:

ARTHUR AMEIsEN, JOSEPH KREMENY. 

